上海交大赵大海关于新冠疫情和卫生政策第59次在电视台访谈评论：全社会应形成“敢救”的良好风尚
上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院博士生导师、上海交通大学-耶鲁大学卫生政策联合研究中心执行主任赵大海，自新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来，对于新冠疫情暴发、防控以及医疗卫生体制改革第37次接受中央电视台直播专访，也是第59次接受央视、上视专访。2020年10月28日，赵大海在中央电视台英语频道的《中国24小时》节目，就北京市于10月27日开始启动轨道交通车站配置自动体外除颤仪（以下简称AED），所引发的关于动体外除颤仪的普及和使用等话题进行了直播访谈。现将专访内容翻译并摘录如下。
主持人：正如在前面所报道的，使用像自动体外除颤器(AED)这样的医疗设备需要一定的知识水平。您认为中国人对设备本身和应该使用的方式了解多少？
赵大海：我认为大多数中国人当前还不知道如何使用自动体外除颤器。事实上，很多中国人都从来没有听说过这个设备。在使用自动体外除颤器方面，虽然学习的难度并不大，但政府和卫生部门应该帮助普通市民了解如何使用自动体外除颤器。尽管普通市民可以在短时间内学会如何使用这个设备，但要使得社会上大多数人在短时间内掌握急救医学的基本知识却并不容易。例如，如何识别一个人是否需要自动体外除颤器，这取决于基本医学知识。因此，政府、社会、媒体等应运用各种方式，帮助公众了解急救医学的基本知识。此外，简易的急救医学常识并不是很难，大多数人都是能够学会的。
主持人：许多人对使用自动体外除颤器犹豫不决，因为他们担心一旦使用不当会承担相应的后果。公众的这种担心有必要吗？公众真正需要担心的是什么？
赵大海：大多数中国人没有勇气去救一个处于亟待急救状况的人。即使每个人都知道如何使用自动体外除颤器，但也只有很少的人敢使用自动体外除颤器来救人。因为任何需要自动体外除颤器的人都必定身体处于高度危险之中，想要施救的人必须考虑自己是否会卷入不必要的麻烦。在过去的几年里，社会上总是讨论一个故事，"如果一个人摔倒马路上，你敢不敢去扶起来"。对于一个倒在马路上的人，大多数人都不敢去扶，更何况是一个需要使用自动体外除颤器的危重病人。因此，这就很容易判断出大多数人都不敢使用自动体外除颤器去救人。
事实上，根据《中华人民共和国民法通则》第184条的规定：因自愿实施紧急救助行为造成受助人损害的，救助人不承担民事责任。因此，公众没有必要担心使用自动体外除颤器救助他人所造成的法律后果。公众只需要掌握如何使用自动体外除颤器，并尽快掌握基本的紧急救治常识即可。与此同时，政府相关部门和社会组织应着力促进在全社会形成公众敢使用自动体外除颤器去救人的社会风气。
供稿者：国务学院
日期：2020年10月29日
Dahai ZHAO’s 59th comments on TV during the pandemic: The social culture of daring to save people with AED should be built
Dahai Zhao, a doctoral supervisor at the School of International and Public Affairs of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Executive Director of Shanghai Jiao Tong University-Yale University Joint Research Center for Health Policy, has been interviewed by CGTN for the 37nd time (the 59nd time by CGTN / ShanghaiTV) since the COVID-19 pandemic. On October 28, 2020, Zhao commented on the popularization and use of the automatic external defibrillator (AED) in Beijing's rail transit stations, which was started on October 27 on “China 24” of CGTN.
Anchor: Using medical equipment like AED needs a certain level of knowledge. How informed do you think people are in China about the device itself and the way it should be used?
ZHAO: I think the most majority of Chinese people have no ideas how to use the AED. Actually, most Chinese people have never heard the device. In terms of the utilization of AED, although it is not very difficult, the government and health departments should help the common citizens to know how to use it. Even though the utilization of AED can be learned in a short period of time for common citizens through the education for all, it is not easy to realize that most people have the basic knowledge of emergency medicine in a short period of time. For example, how to recognize whether a person needs AED or not depends on the basic medical knowledge. Therefore, the government, society and social media should use all methods to help all common citizens to know the basic knowledge of emergency medicine. Actually, it is not very difficult, and most Chinese people can learn it.
Anchor: Many are hesitate to use AED because they are afraid of the consequences in case they can not apply it successfully. How concerned should they be and about what?
ZHAO: Most Chinese people have no courage to save a person who is in emergency. Even though everyone knows how to use AED, few of them dare to use AED to save people. Because anyone who needs AED must be in dangerous situation, people who want to save a person with AED have to consider whether they can be involved in a trouble. During the last couple of years, Chinese people have always discussed a story ”if one person fells down on the street, whether do you dare to help or not”. For a person who fells down on the street, most people would not dare to help; for a person who needs AED, it is easy to understand that the most majority of people really dare not to help. Actually, According to the Article 184 of the latest China’s civil law, anyone who tries to save a person who is in emergency will not bear any civil responsibility, even though what the rescuer did leads to certain damages to the person’s body. Therefore, it is not necessary for all people in the society to worry about the legal issues of rescuing others with AED. People just need to know how to use it, and have a basic knowledge of emergency treatment. In addition, the government and the society will build a social culture that people do not dare to save people with AED.
Contributor: SIPA, SJTU
Data: October 29, 2020