上海交大赵大海关于新冠疫情和卫生政策第61次在电视台访谈评论：中国疫苗研发能力取得重大突破，但依然任重道远

上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院博士生导师、上海交通大学-耶鲁大学卫生政策联合研究中心执行主任赵大海，自新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来，对于新冠疫情暴发、防控以及医疗卫生体制改革第38次接受中央电视台专访，也是第61次接受央视、上视专访。2020年11月2日，赵大海在中央电视台英语频道的《中国24小时》节目，就HPV疫苗市场短缺以及中国各类疫苗研发的总体水平等话题进行了直播访谈。现将专访内容翻译并摘录如下。

主持人：从您的角度来看，为什么人乳头瘤病毒( HPV)疫苗在中国非常短缺呢？

赵大海：我认为至少有三个原因。首先，随着国民健康意识的提高以及医学常识的普及，近年来中国女性对HPV疫苗的需求有了显著提高。其次，全世界只有三家公司可以生产HPV疫苗。具体来说，中国和英国的两家公司可以生产二价HPV疫苗，而四价和九价的HPV疫苗只能由美国的一家公司可以生产。第三，目前HPV疫苗的市场供应不能满足公众对HPV疫苗日益增大的需求。考虑到HPV疫苗的生产过程相对比较复杂，HPV疫苗生产企业很难在短时间内提升供应量。与此同时，中国确实存在对于九价HPV疫苗的重大需求缺口，但对于低价HPV疫苗，特别是对于二价HPV疫苗，中国的市场供应相对还是较为充足的，这可能与中国可以生产二价HPV疫苗有关。

主持人：您怎样看待中国疫苗科研开发的总体水平？

赵大海：首先，中国疫苗的研发能力在近年来取得了巨大进步。譬如，中国是世界上第三个有能力生产HPV疫苗的国家，也是第二个能够生产13价肺炎球菌多糖结合疫苗(PCV13)的国家。此外，全世界目前总共有10种新冠肺炎疫苗处于临床三期，中国就占了四种。其次，中国与发达国家在疫苗研发方面仍存在较大差距。事实上，全世界的主要疫苗一直被美国、英国和法国的四大制药公司所垄断。到目前为止，中国还没有一家疫苗研发企业能够与发达国家的顶级疫苗研发公司相抗衡。譬如，虽然中国可以生产二价HPV疫苗，但中国没有能力生产预防宫颈癌概率更高的四价和九价HPV疫苗。

供稿者：国务学院

日期：2020年11月3日

Dahai ZHAO’s 61th comments on TV during the pandemic: China has made major breakthroughs in vaccine, but there is still a long way to go 

Dahai Zhao, a doctoral supervisor at the School of International and Public Affairs of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Executive Director of Shanghai Jiao Tong University-Yale University Joint Research Center for Health Policy, has been interviewed by CGTN for the 38nd time (the 61nd time by CGTN / ShanghaiTV) since the COVID-19 pandemic. On November 2, 2020, Zhao commented on the shortage of HPV vaccine and overall market of vaccine in China on “China 24” of CGTN. 

Anchor:From your perspective, why is there such a shortage of the HPV vaccines in China?

ZHAO: I think there are at least three reasons. Frist, with the promotion of national health awareness, as well as the popularization of medical knowledge among Chinese women, the demand for HPV has been dramatically improved for recent years. Second, in the whole world, there are only three companies that can produce HPV vaccines. Specifically, the two companies in China and the UK can only produce HPV 2-valent vaccine, while for the HPV 4 and 9-valent vaccines, they can be only produced by the American company. Third, the current HPV supply cannot meet the improving demand for HPV vaccines. Considering the HPV vaccine production process is relatively complex, it is not easy for the production company to enhance the supply by the improving demand. In addition, there is such a shortage of the HPV 9-valent vaccines in China; for the less valent vaccines, especially for HPV 2-valent vaccines, it is relatively abundant, partly because China can produce it.

Anchor: How do you feel about China's research and development of vaccines as a whole?

ZHAO: First, China's research and development of vaccines has achieved great progresses for the past couple of years. For example, China is the third country in the world that has the capacity to produce HPV vaccines, and the second country that can produce PCV13. In addition, for the third clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines, China has four candidates among the 10 candidates in the world. Second, there is still a big gap between China and developed countries at the research and development of vaccines as a whole. Actually, the major vaccines are monopolized  by the top four pharmacy companies in the US, UK, and France. Up to now, there are no vaccine production companies from China can compete with the top vaccine companies in developed countries. For example, although China can produce HPV 2-valent vaccines, China’s company has no capacity to produce 4 or 9 valent vaccines which can prevent diseases caused by more types.

Contributor: SIPA, SJTU

Data: November 3, 2020