上海交大赵大海接受上视专访：深圳法规提示碳酸饮料存在健康损害风险，值得效仿
上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院博士生导师、上海交通大学-耶鲁大学卫生政策联合研究中心执行主任赵大海，自新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来，对于新冠疫情暴发、防控以及卫生政策第24次接受上海电视台专访，也是第63次接受央视、上视专访。2020年11月20日，赵大海做客上海电视台外语频道(ICS)的《直播上海》节目，就深圳市最近发布的《深圳经济特区健康条例》，及其明确规定碳酸饮料的销售者应当在货架或者柜台上设置符合标准的健康损害提示标识等话题进行了访谈。现将专访内容翻译并摘录如下。
主持人：您认为什么样的健康风险会与碳酸饮料相关？碳酸饮料会对儿童带来健康危害吗？
赵大海：科学已充分证实，含糖饮料会增加人群罹患一系列慢性疾病，如肥胖、糖尿病、心血管疾病的概率。与此同时，含糖饮料对人，尤其是儿童的牙齿和骨骼带来不利影响。这主要是因为含糖饮料含糖量过高所导致的。
主持人：这项新的法规将于2021年1月1日在深圳施行。该政策只要求超市和商场张贴“碳酸饮料有害健康”的标牌，不是对于碳酸饮料制造方的要求，您仍然认为这是一个好的举措吗？您认为这个法规会带来什么影响？
赵大海：我确信这是一个非常好的举措。该项法规最重要的影响是，在短期看，可以让公众知晓碳酸饮料对健康的危害；从长期来看，这项规章会改变公众的饮食习惯。
主持人：这项法规的实施会遇到一些阻力吗？
赵大海：是的，在短期来看，我认为超市和商场在主观上不希望张贴“碳酸饮料有害健康”的标牌，虽然他们没有选择。从长期来看，我相信无论是超市、商场还是普通公众，整个社会都会理解碳酸饮料对人体健康的危害。因此，从长期来看，这项规章制度的实施是没有问题的。
主持人：像美国、墨西哥等一些国家已推出过类似的措施来减少碳酸饮料的消费，譬如对包装进行警示，甚至征收糖税，这些措施的效果如何？
赵大海：据我所知，该类措施是有效果的。考虑到这些措施不是特别严格，譬如说，这些税收比征收在酒和烟草的税要低很多，效果也受到了一定的限制。然而，这至少能反映出政府和社会不鼓励公众过量饮用碳酸饮料；反映出政府和社会努力营造一个减少碳酸饮料消费的社会文化。
主持人：这是中国第一个城市出台张贴碳酸饮料有害健康标识的法规。您认为会有其他城市效仿深圳的做法吗？
赵大海：我认为会有越来越多的城市效仿。甚至，我认为中央政府也有可能会采纳深圳的做法，将其作为一项全国的公共卫生法规。
主持人：针对改善公众的饮食习惯，您还有其他建议吗？
赵大海：首先，含低糖或无糖的饮料应被鼓励供应，以逐步替代高糖饮料。其次，学校、社会和社会媒体有义务帮助儿童和普通市民培养更健康的饮食习惯。
供稿者：国务学院
日期：2020年11月21日
Dahai ZHAO’s Exclusive Interview with Shanghai TV: Shenzhen's regulations, which warn of health risks associated with carbonated drinks, deserve to be followed
Dahai Zhao, a doctoral supervisor at the School of International and Public Affairs of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Executive Director of Shanghai Jiao Tong University-Yale University Joint Research Center for Health Policy, has been interviewed by ShanghaiTV for the 24nd time (the 63nd time by CGTN / ShanghaiTV) since the COVID-19 pandemic. On November 20, 2020, Zhao commented on the health regulations of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone recently issued by Shenzhen municipality and the sellers of carbonated beverages should set up clear regulations on the shelves or counters that meet the standards of health damage reminders on “ShanghaiLive” of Shanghai TV Foreign Language Channel (ICS).
Anchor: Why soda drinks will bring health risks?
ZHAO: It has been fully confirmed that sugar drinks can bring the higher probability of a couple of chronic disease such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and it also brings disadvantages for teeth and bones, particularly for young kids. It is mostly because soda drinks contain excessive sugar.
Anchor: Currently the new regulation that will take effect on Jan 1,2021. It only requires supermarkets malls to put up signs. Not a requirement to the producers, but still do you see this as a good move and what effects it is estimated to bring?
ZHAO: I believe it is a very good move. The most important effect that it will be paid attention to the public health and prevention of chronic diseases by common citizens though scientific eating habits.
Anchor: Many countries also have launched similar measures to reduce soda drinks consumption, such as alerts on packages and even imposing sugar taxes, what are their effects and are they effective?
ZHAO: As far as I know, the effects have been confirmed. It is at least a signal that drinking excessive soda drinks is discouraged by the government.
Anchor: This is the first time for a Chinese city to release such health alert in a local health regulation, what effects it is estimated to bring? do you think other cities will follow?
ZHAO: I believe what Shenzhen did is a great start. I believe more and more cities will follow. In the future, the central government may adopt this measure as a national public health policy.
Anchor: Any other measures to help cultivate healthier consumption on drinks or reduce their side effects?
ZHAO: Low-level or zero sugar soda drinks may be more encouraged to supply. In addition, the schools and social media also have the obligation to help the children and common citizens cultivate healthier consumption on drinks.
Contributor: SIPA, SJTU
Data: November 21, 2020