上海交大赵大海教授做客上海电视台演播室：国际机场应升级疫情管控措施应对德尔塔
上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院教授、博士生导师，上海交通大学-耶鲁大学卫生政策联合研究中心执行主任赵大海，自新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来，对于新冠疫情暴发、防控以及卫生政策第40次接受上海电视台专访，也是第99次接受央视、上视专访。2021年8月2日，赵大海做客上海电视台新闻综合频道演播室，在《新闻夜线》节目，就当日上海浦东国际机场新发现一例新冠阳性病例的相关话题进行了解释和评论。现将访谈内容摘录如下。
主持人王兆阳：今天我们首先要关注的是跟浦东机场相关联的一个案例，我们说到机场，无论是这次的南京禄口机场，还是我们今天所报道的浦东机场，都是我们防疫的第一线，都是一个最危险的环节，那么这次的这个浦东的这例发生，或者说整个一系列对于机场的关切，您觉得，是不是在大家的防疫的相关的预料之中？
赵大海：应该讲，机场特别是国际机场，本身它的疫情防控压力就是最大的，因此在浦东机场，也检测出一例跟境外货物相关的人员的核酸阳性，应该讲也是在我们的意料之中。
主持人王兆阳：那从机场的整个的防控来说，我们非常关注，机场它为什么会成为这样的一个最危险的地方？或者说危险的环节有哪些呢？
赵大海：为什么国际机场是疫情防控的最难的一个环节，最主要的原因在于新冠病毒，特别是现在的德尔塔毒株，完全来自于境外。国际机场是境外和境内连接的最主要的环节，因此，自然而然，国际机场的疫情防控的压力就是最大的。目前而言，它的疫情防控的薄弱的环节，还是我们原先在过去的一年半左右的时间之内，已经建立了一套相对比较完备的针对于传统新冠病毒的疫情防控办法，但是现在这个德尔塔病毒，它的传播速度、载毒量，相比较于传统病毒，有了一个很大的提升。因此就需要机场，特别是国际机场，进行相应的升级防控措施。
主持人王兆阳：我们关注机场，其实还说到了，因为机场是重点所关注的环节，那么，很多机场的工作人员或者说所有的工作人员都接种了疫苗，但是在接种疫苗的情况下还发生了这样的一个感染的情况，那么有的网友可能在问，这个疫苗到底管不管用啊？对于这个疑问，您怎么作答？
赵大海：首先答案是肯定的，就是说新冠疫苗一定是对于防控传统的新冠病毒，包括现在的德尔塔变异病毒，都是有效的，而且应该讲是最有效的防控方式之一。但是根据我们现在最新的针对于德尔塔病毒的研究以及我们在中国大陆的部分观察发现，疫苗针对于德尔塔病毒，它的防护效率，确实比针对传统的病毒有了一定的下降，但是它作为防控工具，或者说防控途径，应该讲是毋庸置疑的。
主持人王兆阳：有的朋友担心，说自己现在接种过疫苗了，但是当时接种的比较早，可能是刚过完春节就接种疫苗了，那么有一种说法，说这个疫苗的防御能力，只能保持半年或者大半年的时间，感觉现在快到年底了，是不是要赶紧再去打一针疫苗给自己加强一下，让自己的防护力更强，对这种观点您怎么看？
赵大海：现在我们通过对德尔塔病毒的实验室的检测，同时对于我们现在已接种的新冠疫苗在人体当中产生的抗体的比对发现，现在中国公众接种的灭活疫苗，它的保护效率应该在一年时间左右。因此，现在大可不必去担心我们已经接种疫苗的防护时间的问题。
主持人王兆阳：那么还有一种观点是说，感觉如果疫苗的防护效果非常好，会不会在这轮疫情中出现，如果说接触到了这个病毒传染出来，他接种了疫苗，防护效果非常好，这个病毒在他身上可能显示不出来什么效果，也不会发烧，也不会咳嗽，但是可能还具备这样的一个传染性，会不会具备这样的一个情况？
赵大海：目前其实对于中国大陆而言，我们在已接种的居民当中又感染了新冠，特别是感染了德尔塔毒株的总数，不到200个人。到目前为止，我们还没有任何的证据证明刚才您说的这个观点。而且根据我们对于新冠疫苗的整个研发的判断，应该讲这种观点是不科学的。
主持人王兆阳：那从今年整个来看我们发现，有很多的机场都出现了类似于这样的感染情况，我们来看一下大屏幕。从今年的一月份开始，我们先关注到了先是有石家庄机场周边有这样的感染情况，六月份是深圳宝安机场，七月份是南京禄口机场，一直到今天，我们发现我们身边的浦东机场也出现了这样的情况，那么对于新一轮的防范德尔塔，您觉得给机场方面我们还有什么建议呢？
赵大海：对于机场的管理者以及机场的所有工作人员，在思想上要高度重视德尔塔毒株。我们除了要执行原先的传统新冠病毒的疫情防控措施之外，还必须要进行升级；但更重要的是在思想上做好准备，因为毕竟我们在过去的一年半时间之内一直在跟新冠病毒进行斗争，那我们自然在思想上会出现一定程度的松懈，我们现在需要在思想上高度的重视起来。除此之外，我们在应对德尔塔毒株的时候，不得不采取更为严格的防控措施。比如说，对于所有的国际机场的工作人员，我们要做到每天的核酸检测；然后对于国际机场跟境内的部分，要做到严格的分离；工作人员，包括工作区休息区以及工作人员的居住，我们都要做到严格的闭环管理。唯有如此，才能做到国际机场不能让它再成为新冠病毒突破的环节。
主持人王兆阳：一方面我们关注机场的管理，另一方面我们关注乘客。其实现在我们说到八月份还是在暑期，机场的吞吐量还非常大，还有很多朋友可能正在，比如说度假结束，在返回上海的途中，或者他离开上海返回自己本来的居所，那么在这个过程中，我们乘客在机场需要在防范上注意哪些？
赵大海：对于机场的乘客，我们要严格遵守无论是相应的航班，还是机场的各类防控要求。比如说必须要携带当天或者说最近四十八小时之内的核酸检测证明，与此同时在机场、在去机场的路上、在航班上，我们要做到严格遵守疫情管控的措施。比如说全程佩戴口罩、保持科学的社交距离等。我们乘客也要以身作则来防范新冠疫情的再次散在暴发。
主持人王兆阳：另外在今天的新闻中我们也关注到，在我们上海还有很多医院也都出也都出台了应对德尔塔的一些新的举措，那么在这些举措中，很多朋友也关注到了里面有一些，特别对于针对住院家属的这样的一些要求，比如说一位住院病人只能有一个家属去做陪同，包括在这个家属如果说入院，还要去做两天之内的核酸，还有各种各样的要求，很多朋友觉得这个好像很麻烦，非常的不方便，您对这个观点怎么看？
赵大海：其实不只是现在，在应对传统的新冠病毒散在暴发的时候，医院，不仅是上海，全国的医院也是这样，都出台了严格的针对于患者和患者家属，特别是住院期间的患者的陪同人员的一些比较严格的限制措施。应该讲，对于整个院内的疫情防控而言，这是必须要采取的措施。因为整个医院的疫情防控的压力必然是非常大的，我们希望患者包括患者家属能够做到严格配合医院的疫情管控措施，也要体谅和理解医院疫情管控的难度。
主持人王兆阳：我们也关注到了，在医院还有一些第三方服务的存在，比如说医院的一些打扫卫生的保洁阿姨，还有给住院病人提供服务的照料的护工，那在这方面他们在疫情防控当下需要去做一些什么样的准备？
赵大海：其实对于医院里边的这个护工，包括保洁人员，我们现在的疫情管控的措施，他们跟普通的医务工作人员，在疫情防控上的要求是一样的，就是要做到定期的全员核酸检测，然后尽可能集中的居住，尽可能跟他的家属，包括其他的人员要分开来居住，跟整个医务人员的疫情管控的措施基本上是一样的。
供稿：国务学院
日期：2021年7月29日
Dahai ZHAO’s Exclusive Interview with ShanghaiTV: Upgraded control measures for international airports in response to Delta
Dahai Zhao, a doctoral supervisor at the School of International and Public Affairs of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Executive Director of Shanghai Jiao Tong University-Yale University Joint Research Center for Health Policy, has been interviewed by ShanghaiTV for the 40st time (the 99st time by CGTN / ShanghaiTV) since the COVID-19 pandemic. On 2 August, 2021, Zhao commented on a new case was detected at Shanghai Pudong International Airport at Wednesday on “News Night-line” of Shanghai TV studio.
Anchor: Today we'll be the first to focus on a case associated with pudong airport, we said to the airport, from the Nanjing lukou airport, or pudong airport we reported today, are our epidemic prevention of the first line, is one of the most dangerous link, so this time the pudong this case occurred, or a whole series of concern for the airport, what do you think, is it in everyone's expectation related to epidemic prevention?
Zhao Dahai: It should be said that airports, especially international airports, are under the greatest pressure of epidemic prevention and control. Therefore, at Pudong Airport, a person related to overseas cargo has been tested positive for nucleic acid. We should say that it is not surprising.
Anchor: We are very concerned about the prevention and control of the airport. Why does the airport become such a dangerous place? Or what are the dangerous parts?
Zhao Dahai: The main reason why the international airport is the most difficult part of the epidemic prevention and control is that the novel coronavirus, especially the current Delta strain, is completely from outside the country. International airports are the most important link between China and overseas, so it is natural that international airports are under the greatest pressure of epidemic prevention and control. For now, the epidemic prevention and control of the weak link, or we had in the past year and a half or so, has established a set of relatively complete against traditional will be coronavirus epidemic prevention and control measures, but now the delta virus, its propagation velocity, load capacity, compared with the traditional virus, there is a big improvement. This requires airports, especially international airports, to upgrade their prevention and control measures accordingly.
Anchor: The airport is the key link. A lot of the airport staff, or all of the staff, were vaccinated, but there was this one infection that happened while they were vaccinated. Does the vaccine work or not? How do you answer this question?
Zhao Dahai: First of all, the answer is yes, that is to say, the COVID-19 vaccine must be effective against the traditional novel coronavirus, including the current Delta mutation virus, and it should be one of the most effective prevention and control methods. But we now according to the latest study in delta virus and in mainland China is a part of observation, we found that the virus vaccine for delta, its protection efficiency, is aimed at traditional viruses have a certain decline, but it as a control tool, or control way, ought to speak is indisputable.
Anchor: Some friends worry that they have been vaccinated now, but at that time, the vaccination is relatively early, may be just after the Spring Festival vaccination. There is a saying that the defense capability of the vaccine can only be maintained for half a year or more. Now it is approaching the end of the year. Do you think it is necessary to get another shot of the vaccine to strengthen your defense?
Zhao Dahai: Now we have found that the protection efficiency of the inactivated vaccine given to the Chinese public should be about one year after laboratory testing of the Delta virus and comparing the antibodies produced in the human body with the COVID-19 vaccine we have received. So there's no need to worry about how long we've been vaccinated.
Anchor: So there is another view that if the vaccine is very effective, when someone be exposed to the virus, the virus may not show any effect on him, he won't have a fever, he won't have a cough. But it could be viral.
Zhao Dahai: Actually for mainland China, the total number of people who have been infected with COVID-19, especially the Delta strain, is less than 200. So far, we don't have any evidence to support what you just said. And based on our judgment of the whole development of COVID-19 vaccine, it should be said that this view is unscientific.
Anchor: There are a lot of airports with similar infections. Since January this year, we first noticed such infections around Shijiazhuang Airport, in June at Shenzhen Baoan Airport, in July at Nanjing Lukou Airport, and until today, we found that such cases also occurred in Pudong Airport around us. So what else do you think we should recommend to airports about the new delta?
Zhao Dahai: For airport managers and all airport staff, we should attach great importance to the Delta strain in mind. In addition to the implementation of traditional novel coronavirus prevention and control measures, we have to upgrade; But it's more important to be mentally prepared, because after all, we've been fighting novel Coronavirus for the last year and a half, so of course there's going to be a certain amount of mental laxity, and we need to be mentally highly aware right now. On top of that, we have had to take more stringent containment measures when dealing with the Delta strain. For example, for all international airport workers, we need to do nucleic acid testing every day; Then for the international airport and the domestic part, to achieve a strict separation; Staff, including working areas, rest areas and staff living, we have to do a strict closed-loop management. Only in this way can the international airport prevent it from becoming the link of the Novel coronavirus breakthrough again.
Anchor: On one hand, we care about the management of the airport, on the other hand, we care about the passengers. In fact, August is the summer holiday, and airport is still very busy. Many people may be on their way back to Shanghai from vacation, or leaving Shanghai to return to their original residence. So in this process, passengers at the airport need to pay attention to what precautions?
Zhao Dahai: For passengers at the airport, we must strictly comply with the various prevention and control requirements of both the corresponding flight and the airport. For example, we must carry the nucleic acid test certificate of the same day or within the last 48 hours. At the same time, we must strictly comply with the epidemic control measures at the airport, on the way to the airport and on the flight. Such as wearing a mask at all times and maintaining scientific social distancing. We passengers should also lead by example to prevent the spread of COVID-19 again.
Anchor: In addition, many hospitals in Shanghai have also introduced new measures to deal with Delta, so we have also paid attention to some of these measures, especially for the family members of the hospital. For example, an hospitalized patient can only be accompanied by a family member, the family member must do nucleic acid within two days and other requirements. A lot of people think this seems like a hassle, what do you think of this idea?
Zhao Dahai: In fact, not only now, in response to the traditional novel coronavirus outbreak, hospitals, not only in Shanghai, but also all over the country, have introduced some strict restrictions on the patients and their families, especially the chapers of the patients during the hospitalization. Should say, for the entire hospital epidemic prevention and control, this is a must take measures. Because the pressure of epidemic prevention and control in the whole hospital must be very great, we hope that patients including their families can strictly cooperate with the epidemic control measures of the hospital, and understand the difficulty of epidemic control in the hospital.
Anchor: There are also some third-party services in hospitals, such as cleaning aunts and nursing workers who provide services to inpatients. What kind of preparations should they make for the current epidemic prevention and control?
Zhao Dahai: Actually for this care hospital inside, including cleaning personnel, we now epidemic control measures, and they work with ordinary medical personnel, requirements on epidemic prevention and control is the same, is to do regular full nucleic acid detection, and then concentrated living as far as possible, as far as possible with his family, including other researchers to separate to live, It's basically the same as the entire health care workforce.
Contributor: SIPA, SJTU
Date: August 3, 2021