上海交大赵大海关于新冠疫情第24次在电视台直播评论：各类学校重新开学的条件与防控措施
上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院博士生导师、上海交通大学-耶鲁大学卫生政策联合研究中心执行主任赵大海，对于冠肺炎疫情暴发与防控第16次在中央电视台进行直播评论，也是第24次在央视/上视进行直播评论。在2020年4月27日晚8点的中央电视台英语频道CGTN《中国24小时》节目，赵大海就国内各类学校重新开学的条件和防控措施等进行了解读和评论。现将主要内容翻译并摘录如下。
主持人：如何定义一个区域是否已准备好学校重新开学？
赵大海：首先，对于小学、初中和高中而言，由于学生往往住在一个固定的区域，重新开学的标准相对清晰。具体而言，就是在过去一个月的时间内该区域的当地居民没有新的新冠肺炎确诊病例。一个月大约是新冠肺炎潜伏期的两倍。此外，学校还必须充分保障学生和教师在校的安全。我认为中国大多数小学、初中和高中都已具备了重新开学的条件。然而，很多地区担心会导致新冠肺炎的反弹，他们就选择没有重新开学。其次，对于大学而言，尤其是跨省招生的大学，包括所有的教育部部属大学，重新开学的标准相对更为严格。在大学里，新冠肺炎的防控比高中及以下的学校难度要更大。重新开学的标准是不管海外入境人员的情况，在过去一个月内，整个中国大陆都没有再出现新冠肺炎的确诊病例。留学生可能要进一步推迟开学。考虑到大学的在线教学比高中或高中以下的学生而言更为可行，一些高校可能会整个学期都使用在线教学。
主持人：学校会采取常规的防控措施，譬如每日消毒和体温检查。他们还能做些什么来确保学生的安全？譬如在心理方面。
赵大海：首先，除了日常消毒和体温检查外，还应认真落实其他常规防控措施。具体而言，所有的教师和学生都必须在教室里戴口罩；学生在餐厅和教室时要保持一米的距离；严格控制所有学生和教师的进出学校；以及所有学生和教师行程的日上报等。第二，集中隔离的防控措施可应用于学校疫情的防控。具体来说，每天检查和报告所有学生和教师的体温和症状；一旦一名学生或教师出现发烧或其他相关症状，就应采取相应的应急措施。所有学校都应配备一定数量而且具备诊断新冠肺炎能力的专业医生，以及帮助教师和学生的心理医生。此外，所有学校都必须通过新冠肺炎防控应急的演习测试。第三，鉴于新冠肺炎无症状患者的存在，对于在学生和教师当中进行核酸检测和血清抗体筛查也是可以考虑的。
供稿者：国务学院
日期：2020年4月27日
Dahai Zhao' 24th comments on TV during the Pandemic: Preconditions and Precautions for Schools to Reopen
Dahai Zhao, a doctoral supervisor at School of International and Public Affairs of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Executive Director of Shanghai Jiao Tong University-Yale University Joint Research Center for Health Policy, has been interviewed by CGTG TV for the 16th time (the 24th time by CGTV / DFTV) since the COVID-19 pandemic. At 20:00 on April 27, 2020, Zhao commented on preconditions and precautions for schools to reopen on “China 24”.
Anchor: We mentioned a little while ago that, for a school to reopen, it needs to fulfill three preconditions. How can authorities define if one specific school is ready to reopen in an area in very specific terms?
Zhao: First, for elementary, middle and high schools, due to the fact that students often live in certain local areas, the standards are relatively clear. Specifically, there are no new confirmed cases among local residents in the last one month. One month is about two times of incubation period of COVID-19. In addition, the safety of students and teachers must be fully guaranteed by schools when they are at schools. I believe most elementary, middle and high schools in China can be reopened. However, some areas are scared the reappearance of COVID-19, they do not want to reopen the school. Second, for colleges, particularly for colleges which recruit trans-provincial students including all universities which are governed by China’s Education Ministry directly, the reopening standards are relatively stricter. Prevention and control of COVID-19 must be tougher at colleges than high schools and below. Regardless of overseas inputs, the reopening standard should be no new confirmed cases in the whole Chinese mainland in the last one month. The overseas students can be further delayed. Considering online teaching is more feasible for colleges than high school or below, online teachings may be utilized for the whole semester for some colleges.
Anchor: Schools will follow regular precautions, including daily disinfection and temperature checks. What else do you think schools can do to ensure the health and safety of students? Um, in in psychological means? Maybe.
Zhao: First, besides of daily disinfection and temperature check, other regular precautions should be carefully implemented. Specifically, all teachers and students must wear face masks in the classroom; to keep 1-meter distance when students are in dining room and classroom; to strictly control the leaving and entering the school for all students and teachers; daily report of any student and teacher’s journey. Second, the regular measures of centralized isolation for combating COVID-19 may be utilized for the prevention of COVID-19 at schools. Specifically, daily check and report any student and teacher’s body temperature, and symptoms. Once a student or teacher has fever or other related symptoms, emergency measures should be followed. Further, any school must have a number of professional doctors who have the ability to diagnose COVID-19. In addition, any school must be tested by COVID-19 professional emergency exercises. Third, in view of the existence of asymptomatic patients of COVID-19, to conduct the screening of nucleic acid detection and serum antibody among students and teachers, may be considered.
Contributor: SIPA, SJTU
Date: April 27